[env-trinity] Earth's Eighth Continent

[Josh Allen]

Earth's Eighth Continent


 

North Pacific Gyre traps flotsam. 


It swirls. It grows. It's a massive, floating 'garbage patch.'


http://thetyee.ca/News/2007/11/21/PacificGarbagePatch/
<http://thetyee.ca/News/2007/11/21/PacificGarbagePatch/>   


By David Reid <http://thetyee.ca/Bios/David_Reid> 
Published: November 21, 2007
  <http://thetyee.ca/forward/4161>  
<http://thetyee.ca/News/2007/11/21/PacificGarbagePatch/print.html> 


The Phoenix


Located in the Pacific Ocean between California and Hawaii and measuring
in at roughly twice the size of Texas, this elusive mass is home to
hundreds of species of marine life and is constantly expanding. It has
tripled in size since the middle of the 1990s and could grow tenfold in
the next decade.

Although no official title has been given to the mass yet, a popular
label thus far has been "The Great Pacific Garbage Patch."

As suggested by the name, the island is almost entirely comprises
human-made trash. It currently weighs approximately 3.5 million tons
with a concentration of 3.34 million pieces of garbage per square
kilometer, 80 per cent of which is plastic.

Due to the Patch's location in the North Pacific Gyre, its growth is
guaranteed to continue as this Africa-sized section of ocean spins in a
vortex that effectively traps flotsam.

Few visitors

The cause for the Patch's relative lack of acknowledgment is that the
portion of the Pacific it occupies is almost entirely unvisited. It
lacks the wind to attract sailing vessels, the biology to encourage
fishing, and is not in the path of major shipping lanes.

What little air movement there is blows inwards, further trapping the
garbage.

According to an article in the San Francisco Chronicle, Marcus Eriksen,
a director at the Algatita Marine Research Foundation, said that "with
the winds blowing in and the currents in the gyre going circular, it's
the perfect environment for trapping."

While the trash is in the ocean, it is doing what could be irreparable
harm to sea life, the water it's in, and eventually humans.

Plastic resists biodegrading. Instead, a plastic shopping bag or pop
bottle will photo-degrade over time, meaning that it will break down
into smaller and smaller pieces but retain its original molecular
composition.

The result is a great amount of fine plastic sand that resembles food to
many creatures.

Unfortunately, the plastic cannot be digested, so sea birds or fish can
eventually starve to death with a stomach full of plastic.

Even if the amount of plastic in a creature's body is not enough to
block the passage of food, the small pellets act as sponges for several
toxins, concentrating chemicals such as DDT to 1 million times the
normal level.

This concentration then works its way up the food chain until a fish is
served at our dinner table.

A deadly shining

Some birds, attracted to the shining in the ocean, approach the Great
Pacific Garbage Patch in search of food. Marine researchers have
commented that pelicans dissected in that area have stomachs so full of
lighters that they resemble convenience stores. Sea turtles are also
prone to mistaking plastic bags for jelly fish, which then cause their
deaths or sit in their guts for the decades it takes the bags to break
down.

In total, 267 species have been reported to have eaten from, or become
entangled in, the Patch.

According to Chris Parry of the California Coastal Commission,
regrettably little can be done to clean up the Patch, although many urge
that a decreased reliance on plastic is the first step.

"At this point," said Parry, "cleaning it up isn't an option . . . it's
just going to get bigger as our reliance on plastics continues."

"The long-term solution is to stop producing as much plastic products at
home and change our consumption habits."

Cleaning up the Patch will likely cost billions of dollars and, as an
approximation, be more difficult than vacuuming every inch of the United
States. The plastic and garbage reach more than 30 metres down into the
ocean and a great number of organisms would be destroyed in the process.

So far, no country has so much as proposed a solution, presumably
because no nation wishes to claim responsibility.

Even if all plastic usage were to stop immediately, future geologists
would be able to clearly mark the stratum designating the 20th and 21st
century by an indelible layer of plastic coating the world's oceans.

 

 

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